sodium ion channel การใช้

• Basically Benzocaine blocks the sodium ion channels that, when opened, propogate a signal down the nerves.
• Certain structural aspects of calitoxin are dissimilar from sea anemone toxins that also target the sodium ion channels.
• They bind to specific sodium ion channels in cell membranes, the receptor sites involved in activation and inactivation.
• Woolf is particularly interested in certain abnormal sodium ion channels that are only expressed in sensory neurons that have been damaged.
• Following depolarization, the voltage gated sodium ion channels that had been open while the cell was undergoing depolarization close again.
• In addition to these opioidergic and anticholinergic effects, it has local anesthetic activity related to its interactions with sodium ion channels.
• Delta atracotoxin produces potentially fatal neurotoxic symptoms in primates by slowing the inactivation of sodium ion channels in autonomic and motor neurons.
• In chromosome-3-linked patients, sodium ion channels do not turn off soon enough, so sodium-channel blocking agents might be required.
• The analgesic properties of duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and central pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia are believed to be due to sodium ion channel blockade.
• Lipid-soluble toxins such as batrachotoxin act directly on sodium ion channels involved in action potential generation and by modifying both their ion selectivity and voltage sensitivity.
• Other research shows that glutamate reacts with calcium and sodium ion channels on the cell membrane, leading to an influx of calcium and sodium ions into the cell.
• Both the inactivation of the sodium ion channels and the opening of the potassium ion channels act to repolarize the cell's membrane potential back to its resting membrane potential.
• "' Veratridine "'is a steroid-derived alkaloid from plants in the Liliaceae family that functions as a neurotoxin by abolishing inactivation of sodium ion channels.
• He is well known for his discovery ( with Toshio Narahashi ), that the puffer fish toxin tetrodotoxin causes death by blocking the sodium ion channels that are responsible for nerve activity.
• During repolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels inactivate ( different from the closed state ) due to the now-depolarized membrane, and voltage-gated potassium channels activate ( open ).
• During depolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels open, increasing the neuron's membrane conductance for sodium ions and depolarizing the cell's membrane potential ( from typically-70 mV toward a positive potential ).
• The potassium ion channels are slower-acting than the sodium ion channels and so as the membrane potential starts to peak, the potassium ion channels open and causes an outflux of potassium to counteract the influx of sodium.
• In the photoreceptors of the mammalian eye, the presence of light activates phosphodiesterase, which degrades cGMP . The sodium ion channels in photoreceptors are cGMP-gated, so degradation of cGMP causes sodium channels to close, which leads to the hyperpolarization of the photoreceptor's plasma membrane and ultimately to visual information being sent to the brain.